Physiology
Lecture Sheet
Blood
(RBC, WBC, Platelets & Plasma)
Blood
What
is Blood? Give its composition properties and function.
Blood: Blood is specialized fluid
connective tissue in which there is liquid intercellular substance (plasma) and
formed elements (RBC, WBC and Platelets)
suspended in the plasma which cir culates in closed system of blood vessels. It
is red thick and slightly alkaline.
* Composition
Of Blood:
A. Cellular Substances – 45%
(42% - 45%)
1. 
Erythrocytes or RBC
Erythrocytes or RBC
2. Leukocytes or WBC
3. Thrombocytes or Platelets
B. Plasma – 55% (55% - 58%)
1. Liquid (91%-92%)
2. Solids (8%-9%)
I.
Organic Substance : 7.5%
a) Protein : Serm albumin, Serm
Globulin. Fibrinogen, Prothombin ete.
b) Non- Protein : Urea,
Uric-acid, xanthine, Hypoxanthine, creatine, creatine ammonie, amino acids etc.
c) Fats: Neutral fat,
phosphalipid, Choles-terol, cholesterides etc.
d) Carbohydrates: Glucose,
Sucrose etc.
e) Other Substance: Antibodies
and other various Enzymes.
II.
Inorganic substance: - Sodium, calcium, Potassium, Iron.
* Properties
of Blood:
1. Blood Volume- 5-6 Liters.
2. Normal reaction- Slightly alkaline.
3. Viscosity - 4.5 time more viscous
then water.
4. PH - 7.36 – 7.45
5. Test - Salty.
6. Color - Red.
*
Functions of Blood:
1. It transports respiratory gasses and nutrient, (RBC)
2. It acts as vehicle Hormones, enzymes vitamins and
other chemicals etc.
3. It regulates body temperature.
4. It regulates water and electrolytes balance.
5. Maintains acid base balance (RBC)
Plasma Protein
Definition: The protein remain in plasma is know as
plasma protein.
* Type of Plasma Protein:
a) Albumin.
b) Globulin – a1 globulin, a2 globulin, b globulin, g globulin.
c) Fibrinogen
d) Prothombin
Others are:-
·
Angiotensinogen
·
Transferrin
·
Cerulo- Plasmin
·
Immunoglobulin – IgA, IgD, IgE IgG, IgM,
·
Iso haemaglutinin
·
Thromboplastin.
* Function of Plasma Protein :
1. They Maintain colloidal
osmotic pressure.
2. They are essential for the
coagulation of Blood
3. They Maintain Acid Base
Balance.
4. They Maintain Viscosity of
Blood.
5. They help in carriage of Co2
by forming carbo-amino protein.
RBC:
Fig: RBC
Definition: Erythrocyts is called RBC. Its carry
Hemoglobin.
*
Composition of RBC:
1. Water – 65%
Water – 65%
2. Solid – 35%
a) Hemoglobin – 33%
b) Others – 2% ( Protein,
Phosho lipid, cholesteral, ester and neutral fat etc.)
*
Morphology of RBC:
1. Shape and Size Bi-Concave.
*
Normal count of RBC:
1. Adult Male: 4.5 - 5.5 Million / Cu mm of Blood.
2. Adult Female: 4.0 - 5.0 Million / Cu mm of Blood.
3. Infant: 6.0 - 7.0 Million / Cu mm of
Blood.
*
Function of RBC:
1. It transports respiratory
gasses and nutrient, (RBC)
2. Maintains acid base balance
(RBC)
3. They Maintain Viscosity of
Blood
4. It contain antigen.
* Factors of Erythropoiesis : (Process production of RBC)
1. General factor:
a. Diet:
b. Hypoxia
c. Erythropoiein
d. Endocrine Hormone
i.
Thyroid Hormone: Thyroxin
ii.
Pituitary Hormone: Adreniocorticotropic Hormone( ACTH)
2. Hemoglobinization factor:
i.
Iron
ii.
Copper & Mg.
iii.
Cobalt (Co)
iv.
Ca
v.
Bile- Salts
3. Maturation factor of
Hemoglobin:
i. Vit-B12
ii.
Folic acid
iii.
Intrinsic factor of Castle.
WBC
Definition:
The Leukocytes, also called white blood cell. It is one type of cell, which
found in blood.
Fig: Cells of WBC
Normal Volume of WBC: 4000- 11000 /Cu mm of
Blood.
Type of WBC:
2 types
a) Granulocytes: Having Granules in
cytoplasm is called Granulocytes
i.
Neutrophils
ii. Eosinophils
iii. Basophils
b) Agranulocytes : Having no
granules in cytoplasm is called agranulocytes
i.
Lymphocytes
ii. Monocytes
Different Count of WBC:
i.
Neutrophils 50
- 70%
ii.
Eosinophils 01
- 04%
iii.
Basophils 0 -
0.4%
iv.
Lymphocytes 20
- 40%
v.
Monocytes 02
- 08%
Md. Jakir Hossain
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Email: drsimanto@gmail.com
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